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Analisis Definisi Komunikasi Menurut Harold Lasswell

Harold Lasswell

Komunikasi pada dasarnya merupakan suatu proses yang menjelaskan siapa? mengatakan apa? dengan saluran apa? kepada siapa? dengan akibat atau hasil apa? (who? says what? in which channel? to whom? with what effect?). (Lasswell 1960).
Analisis 5 unsur menurut Lasswell (1960):
1. Who? (siapa/sumber).
Sumber/komunikator adalah pelaku utama/pihak yang mempunyai kebutuhan untuk berkomunikasi atau yang memulai suatu komunikasi,bisa seorang individu,kelompok,organisasi,maupun suatu negara sebagai komunikator.
2. Says What? (pesan).
Apa yang akan disampaikan/dikomunikasikan kepada penerima(komunikan),dari sumber(komunikator)atau isi informasi.Merupakan seperangkat symbol verbal/non verbal yang mewakili perasaan,nilai,gagasan/maksud sumber tadi. Ada 3 komponen pesan yaitu makna,symbol untuk menyampaikan makna,dan bentuk/organisasi pesan.
3. In Which Channel? (saluran/media).
Wahana/alat untuk menyampaikan pesan dari komunikator(sumber) kepada komunikan(penerima) baik secara langsung(tatap muka),maupun tidak langsung(melalui media cetak/elektronik dll).
4. To Whom? (untuk siapa/penerima).
Orang/kelompok/organisasi/suatu negara yang menerima pesan dari sumber.Disebut tujuan(destination)/pendengar(listener)/khalayak(audience)/komunikan/penafsir/penyandi balik(decoder).
5. With What Effect? (dampak/efek).
Dampak/efek yang terjadi pada komunikan(penerima) setelah menerima pesan dari sumber,seperti perubahan sikap,bertambahnya pengetahuan, dll.
Contoh:
Komunikasi antara guru dengan muridnya.
Guru sebagai komunikator harus memiliki pesan yang jelas yang akan disampaikan kepada murid atau komunikan.Setelah itu guru juga harus menentukan saluran untuk berkomunikasi baik secara langsung(tatap muka) atau tidak langsung(media).Setelah itu guru harus menyesuaikan topic/diri/tema yang sesuai dengan umur si komunikan,juga harus menentukan tujuan komunikasi/maksud dari pesan agar terjadi dampak/effect pada diri komunikan sesuai dengan yang diinginkan.
Kesimpulan:
Komunikasi adalah pesan yang disampaikan kepada komunikan(penerima) dari komunikator(sumber) melalui saluran-saluran tertentu baik secara langsung/tidak langsung dengan maksud memberikan dampak/effect kepada komunikan sesuai dengan yang diingikan komunikator.Yang memenuhi 5 unsur who, says what, in which channel, to whom, with what effect.

Sumber: http://organisasi.org/analisis-pengertian-komunikasi-dan-5-lima-unsur-komunikasi-menurut-harold-lasswell
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